Chuyên đề Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - Passive voice (Thể bị động)

CHUYÊN ĐỀ: PASSIVE VOICE

(THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG) I. Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động:

Active: Chủ động

S + V + O

S + be* + P.P + by + O (* be chia theo thì của V)

Passive: Bị động

Ex: They are painting the house. → The house is being painted. They had destroyed all the documents when we arrived. → All the documents had been destroyed when we arrived. II. Thay đổi hình thức động từ cụ thể trong từng thì:

TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE Simple Present S + V1-s/es S + am / is / are + PP

Present continuous S + am / is / are + V-ing S + am / is / are + being + PP

Simple Past S + V-ed /V2 S + was / were + PP

Past continuous S + was / were + V-ing S + was / were + being + PP

Present Perfect S + have / has + PP S + have / has + been + PP

Past Perfect S + had + PP S + had + been + PP

Simple Future S + will + V1 S + will + be + PP

Modal verbs

can may must S + have to + V1 should used to be going to

can may must S + have to + be + V3 should used to be going to Ex: 1. John delivers the newspapers every morning.

 The newspapers are delivered by John every morning. 2. My mother wrote that letter.

 That letter was written by my mother. ThuVienDeThi.com

3. They will build a new school here next month.

 A new school will be built here next month. 4. He is asking me a lot of questions.

 I am being asked a lot of questions. 5. She was doing her homework at that time.

 Her homework was being done at that time. 6. My mother has made that cake.

 That cake has been made by my mother. 7. They had prepared a party before we came.

 A party had been prepared before we came. 8. Sue is going to write the book

 The book is going to be written by Sue 9. You must finish this report

 This report must be finished NOTES: LƯU Ý: 1. Khi chủ ngữ và túc từ trong câu chủ động là đại từ, ta phải thay đổi cho phù hợp. Ex: The teacher punished me.  I was punished by the teacher. 2. Khi chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là: people, I, we, you, they, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, anybody…khi đổi sang bị động thường được bỏ đi Ex: They built this bridge last year.  This bridge was built last year (by them) 3. Khi trong câu chủ động có 2 túc từ thì dùng tức từ nào làm chủ ngữ cũng được, tuy nhiên, túc từ chỉ người được sử dụng nhiều hơn. Ex: My mother bought me a new shirt.

 I was bought a new shirt by my mother.  A new shirt was bought for me by my mother. 4. Nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là Noone/ noboby khi đổi sang bị động ta bỏ by noone/ nobody nhưng động từ phải đổi sang thể phủ định. Ex: No one believes his story.  His story isn’t believed. 5. Vị trí của trạng từ. Trạng từ chỉ thể cách được đặt trứơc Past Participle. Ex: I do my homework carefully.  My homework is carefully done. Trạng từ chỉ thời gian có thể đặt ở đầu câu hoặc sau by + O Ex: I lent him money yesterday.  He was lent money yesterday. ThuVienDeThi.com

 Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn được đặt trước by + O Ex: Mary bought the gift from that shop.  the gift was bought from that shop by Mary. III. MỘT SỐ DẠNG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG ĐẶC BIỆT: 1. Verbs of opinion (Động từ chỉ ý kiến): say, think, believe, know, report, consider, expect, feel, hope, know, understand…

KINDS FORMS Active S1 + VS1 + that + S2 + VS2 Passive

It + be V3/ ed + that + S2 + VS

S2 + be V3/ ed + to V(S2) to have V3/ ed Ex. People say that he is a famous doctor.

 It is said that he is a famous doctor.  He is said to be a famous doctor. People believe that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour.

 It is believed that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour.  He is believed to have driven through the town at 90 km an hour. 2. Causative forms(Thể nhờ bảo): have, get

VERBS KINDS FORMS

Have Active S + have + O (person) + Vo + O (thing) Passive S + have + O (thing) + V3/ed

Get Active S + get + O (person) + to V + O (thing) Passive S + get + O (thing) + V3/ed Ex: 1. I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.

 I had my bicycle repaired yesterday. 2. I get her to make some coffee.

 I get some coffee …